11 Storytelling Formulas to Supercharge Your Social Media Marketing

Feb 28, 2017 10 min readSocial Media Marketing
Photo of Alfred Lua
Alfred Lua

Product Marketing @ Buffer

Legendary marketer, Seth Godin, describes marketing as “the art of telling a story that resonates with your audience and then spreads.”

If you look at some of the biggest brands around, you might notice that they are often amazing storytellers.

  • Apple tells stories of people challenging the norms
  • Nike tells stories of people doing the impossible
  • Airbnb tells stories of travelers living in homes around the world and belonging anywhere.

But how do you tell compelling stories? How do you tell stories that your audience wants to hear? And how do you tell your brand story?

While researching on the topic of storytelling, I discovered several tested-and-proven storytelling formulas —  formulas used by companies like Pixar, Apple, and more.

These formulas can be applied to your company’s overall marketing, content you produce, social media updates, copy on your website, and more.

Ready to jump in?

11 Storytelling Formulas to Supercharge Your Social Media Marketing header image

11 storytelling formulas to supercharge your social media marketing

1. Three-Act Structure

Setup — Set the scene and introduce the character(s)

Confrontation or “Rising action” — Present a problem and build up the tension

Resolution — Resolve the problem

The three-act structure is one of the oldest and most straightforward storytelling formulas. You might recognize this structure in many of the stories you come across.

In the first act, set the stage and introduce the character(s) of the story. In the second act, present a problem faced by the character(s) and build up the tension. In the third act, deliver the climax of the story by resolving the problem (with your product or service).

Example:

Emily turned her passion into a business. She enjoys every moment of it... apart from the bookkeeping, financial statements, and taxes. But, she doesn't have to do them herself.

2. Freytag’s Pyramid: Five-Act Structure

Exposition — Introduce important background information

Rising action — Tell a series of events to build up to the climax

Climax — Turn the story around (usually the most exciting part of the story)

Falling action — Continue the action from the climax

Dénouement — Ending the story with a resolution

The Freytag’s Pyramid is created by Gustav Freytag when he analyzed the stories by Shakespeare and ancient Greek storytellers.

It is a more elaborate form of the three-act structure, which puts emphasis on the climax and the falling action of the story as much as the other parts of the story.

Example:

As a fast-growing startup, we work on many things at once. Emails and personal to-do lists were great when we were smaller. As we grew, collaborations became messy. Where's that file? What's the progress of this project? Who's working on this? Then, we discovered Trello! Now, we have everything in one place — comments, files, to-do lists, and more. Team collaboration has never been better before.

3. Before – After – Bridge

Before — Describe the world with Problem A.

After — Imagine what it’d be like having Problem A solved.

Bridge — Here’s how to get there.

This is our favorite storytelling and copywriting formula. We have been using it for our blog post introductions but it can be applied to social media updates, email campaigns, and other marketing messages.

Set the stage of a problem that your target audience is likely to experience — ideally a problem that your company solves. Describe a world where that problem didn’t exist. Explain how to get there or present the solution (i.e. your product or service).

Example:

Creating great social media images takes time. Imagine taking only 15 minutes to design one. With Canva, you can make stunning graphics in just a few clicks.

4. Problem – Agitate – Solve

Problem — Present a problem

Agitate — Agitate the problem

Solve — Solve the problem

This is one of the most popular copywriting formulas, which is great for storytelling, too.

The structure is quite similar to the Before-After-Bridge formula. First, you present a problem. Second, instead of presenting the “After”, you intensify the problem with emotional language. Finally, you solve the problem by offering your product or services.

Example:

Video calls aren't always fun. Distracting background noises, no video images, and poor connection. Unless you are using Zoom.

5. Simon Sinek’s Golden Circle

Why — Why the company exists

How — How the company fulfills its Why

What — What the company does to fulfill its Why

Simon Sinek’s TED talk, How great leaders inspire action, is one of the most viewed TED talks ever, with more than 30 million views so far. He explained that great companies like Apple inspire people and succeed because they use the Golden Circle formula.

Always start with your Why — Why are you in this business? What motivates you? Then, explain how your company will achieve your Why. Finally, describe in tangible terms what your company does to bring your Why to life (i.e. your products and services).

Example:

At Basecamp we want to do everything we can to help restore work-life balance. Work has a way of encroaching. Work calls on Friday at 9 pm or pings on Sunday at 6 pm as you’re sitting down for dinner with the family. It’s time to take a stand. So we’ve built a feature into Basecamp 3 we call Work Can Wait™.

6. Dale Carnegie’s Magic Formula

Incident — Share a relevant, personal experience

Action — Describe the specific action taken to solve or prevent a problem

Benefit — State the benefits of the action

How to Win Friends and Influence People is one of our favorite books at Buffer. After studying many great leaders, the author, Dale Carnegie, developed this simple three-step storytelling formula that can help you persuade your audience.

Open your story with a personal experience relevant to your point to grab your audience’s attention. Describe the actions you took chronologically, showing that a change was needed. Wrap up the story by connecting the change to its benefits. (This could be a customer’s testimonial, too!)

Example:

I've tried many to-do list apps, and none have ever worked for me. Then I discovered Omni-Focus thanks to a recommendation from a highly-respected startup founder. My productivity has skyrocketed since I started using it, and I now feel calmer and happier at work, too!

7. Dave Lieber’s V Formula

Introduce the character

Bring the story to its lowest point

Turn it around and finish with a happy ending

Dave Lieber is a keynote speaker and the Dallas Morning News Watchdog columnist, who has been telling stories for almost 40 years. In his TED talk, The power of storytelling to change the world, he shared the story formula he has been using for his stories.

Once you introduce the character of the story, describe how things went awful for her, using emotions to draw your audience into your story. At the lowest point of the story, turn things around, describe how things improved, and end the story on a high note.

Example:

Jane was an accountant for 20 years. During the recession, she lost her job when her company went bankrupt, and she couldn't find a job for months. What started as a much-needed way to stay afloat, became a new way of living. Airbnb connected her with the world and inspired her to become a tour guide, sharing the wonders of her city with visitors from around the world.

(Inspired by a true Airbnb story)

8. Star – Chain – Hook

Star — An attention-getting, positive opening

Chain — A series of convincing facts, benefits, and reasons

Hook — A powerful call-to-action

This formula is developed by, I believe, a Chicago consultant, Dr. Frank W. Dignan.

The star grabs your audience’s attention. The chain turns your audience’s attention into a desire. The hook gives them something actionable to fulfill their desire.

Example:

Learn to code and build your own app in 30 days. 100 other students learning together. Exclusive access to a private Slack channel. More than four hours of step-by-step video guides. Reserve your spot now!

9. Pixar’s award-winning formula

Once upon a time there was ___. Every day, ___. One day ___. Because of that, ___. Because of that, ___. Until finally ___.

Former Pixar storyboard artist Emma Coats shared 22 narrative rules she had learned during her time at Pixar. Among the 22 rules was this simple storytelling formula that has helped Pixar win countless awards, including 13 Academy Awards, 9 Golden Globes, and 11 Grammys.

You don’t have to follow the wording exactly. The idea, as I see it, is to introduce a character or a group of character, describe their usual routine, present a twist that disrupts their daily lives, explain how they overcome it, and celebrate!

Update: This formula is known as “The Story Spine” and was created by Kenn Adams, a professional playwright and improviser. The original formula includes an important last line, “And, ever since then___”. (Thanks, Kay Ross, for pointing this out to us.)

Example:

Buffer is a fully-distributed company with team members all around the world. To keep track of who's on leave, they created a shared Google calendar where team members can add their vacation dates. In 2016, the company grew more than three times to almost 100 people, and the shared calendar system broke. It's a struggle to find out who's away and for how long. They needed a better system that can handle the growing team. After trying several solutions, they found Timetastic. Now, requesting and tracking time off is a breeze. They even know who's away from within Slack by using the Slack integration to pull the information in. Here's to a better work-life balance!

10. The Hero’s Journey

Departure — A hero receives a call to go on an adventure, receives advice from a mentor, and heads out on her journey.

Initiation — The hero meets a series of challenges but eventually completes the mission.

Return — The hero returns and helps others with her new found power or treasure.

The original hero’s journey is made up of 17 stages which are organized into the three acts described above. This formula is used by many of the greatest storytellers including George Lucas for his Star Wars films!

The hero of your story would often be your customers. They experience some tricky situations in their lives or work but eventually solve the problems with your product or service, improving their lives or bringing results to their company.

Example:

Everyone in the team knows that social media is important and fun. But no one really likes doing it as a job. Posting across platforms takes time and reporting the results is a nightmare. You are different. You read several helpful articles and learned about social media management tools. You know you can schedule your posts across channel easily and know your performance through the analytics. You adopted the tool for your team. Traffic from social went up. Leads poured in. Your manager loved the reports you created and even asked you to build a social media team. Social media management is never the same in your company again.

11. Nancy Duarte’s secret structure of great talks

What is — The status quo

What could be — The future that could be possible

Go back and forth between the two and end off with a …

New bliss — The wonderful future with your idea/product/service adopted

Nancy Duarte’s TED talk, The secret structure of great talks, has been viewed more than a million times. In her talk, she revealed the secret formula that Steve Jobs and Martin Luther King might have used for their famous speeches.

Start by describing the current situation and then contrast that with a future that’s way better. Make the present unappealing and the future attractive. Go back to the present and then point to the future again. End the story with the new state where your product or service is adopted.

Example:

Email. Imagine if there was a saner way to communicate. Receiving endless email chains when the discussion is no longer relevant to you, and missing important discussions because you were not CC-ed in the conversation. Only if you can control what you want to receive. Yes, you can. Slack brings all your communication together — collaborations, file sharing, integrations, and chat history. Here's how the best companies communicate in the 21st century.

5 storytelling tips from amazing storytellers

Armed with these 11 storytelling formulas, you are ready to tell your brand stories. To help you tell even better stories, I curated advice from several amazing storytellers. Here’re five tips from them:

1. Don’t complicate things

(by Lindsay Smith via Buffer)

Lindsay Smith is a producer at National Geographic Travel, who was awesome to join us for a podcast episode recently. National Geographic Travel has more than 25 million fans across their social media accounts.

One thing that’s very important for social media and storytelling in general, is to not complicate things unnecessarily. While we want to be very thoughtful about the stories and posts that we’re sharing, we don’t want to muddy that story up with irrelevant information. What’s important is that you keep it simple.

(Emphasis mine)

2. The 3 things to ask

(by Lindsay Smith via Buffer)

Here’s another advice from Lindsay that I love:

To tell a great story you must ask three things:
  1. Is this story going to be interesting? (Gut Check)
  2. What is the best way to tell this story? (Format)
  3. How do people want to see this story and how are they going to consume it? (Visual Element)

(Emphasis mine)

In terms of storytelling format, here’re 20 creative ways to use social media for storytelling for your inspiration.

3. Create detailed imagery to craft the setting you want

(by Gregory Ciotti via Sparring Mind)

Gregory Ciotti is one of my favorite marketers. When he was at Help Scout, he helped grow the company blog to almost 4 million unique visitors per year.

In his article, The Psychology of Storytelling, he shared the importance of storytelling, ways to create better stories, and characteristics of highly persuasive stories. Here’s my favorite advice from his article:

Creating detailed imagery helps craft the setting YOU want

Want to get people swept up in your stories?

Tell them what they are getting swept up in to, and they will respond.

Could any of us relate to the heroic deeds in tales like those of the Lord of the Rings without Tolkien’s exquisitely detailed descriptions of the dangers of Mordor or the perils faced by Frodo and Sam?

The imagery paints the picture of any good story, we could say that [Spoilers if you haven’t read/seen Lord of the Rings] “Frodo and Sam fight a giant spider,” but Tolkien spends an entire chapter on the ordeal, taking the time to help the reader visualize the ferocious nature of the enemy and the bravery of our heroes who persevere despite their many weaknesses (doubt, fear, dismay, etc.)

Implementing the “real” into a fantastic setting often helps create a better connection with the reader.

I don’t know the feeling of encountering a spider the size of a house, but I do know what terror feels like, and I also know how hard it can be to persevere in the face of immense doubt of your abilities.

These “all-too-real” elements of a fantastical story make it easier to relate to.

(Emphasis mine)

The awesome thing about storytelling on social media is that you can use multimedia such as images and videos to complement your words. Instead of asking your audience to imagine, you can show it to them.

4. Parachute in, don’t preamble

(by J.D. Schramm via Harvard Business Review)

J.D. Schramm is a lecturer on Organizational Behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business, where he teaches effective communications.

In his Harvard Business Review article, A Refresher on Storytelling 101, he shared seven advice on successful storytelling, and this is my favorite:

Parachute in, don’t preamble. The best storytellers draw us immediately into the action. They capture our attention and set the tone for a unique audience experience. Avoid opening with “I’d like to tell you a story about a time when I learned…” Instead, drop us into the action and draw the lesson out later.

As people on social media tend to have short attention span, your stories have to grab their attention immediately or they might just scroll past your post.

5. Get Personal

(by Kathy Klotz-Guest via Convince & Convert)

Kathy Klotz-Guest is the founder of Keeping It Human, which helps companies create compelling stories.

I read her article, 7 Ways to Make Your Business Storytelling Awesome, and this point stood out for me:

3. Get Personal



Great, emotional brand storytelling must be told through the lens of a person: a specific customer, a passionate employee, or a dedicated partner. Every great company story must be anchored in a human story and told through a personal human lens. Anchor your stories through real people, and you’ll see a big difference in your storytelling.

(Emphasis mine)

This reminds me that the stories we tell should seldom have our company as the main character or the hero. The hero of our stories should be our customers and community. The best example is the stories told by Airbnb, which are often about their hosts or guests.

What’s your favorite way of telling stories?

Whenever I write, I often find it easier when I have a structure in mind already. I hope these storytelling formulas help you in the same way when you craft your amazing social media stories.

I’m sure there are many other ways of telling stories. Would you be up for sharing your favorite way? Thanks!

Some of the icons in the header image are from Iconfinder.

Brought to you by

Try Buffer for free

140,000+ small businesses like yours use Buffer to build their brand on social media every month

Get started now

Related Articles

AIDec 18, 2024
A Guide to Using Apple’s Image Playground in Buffer

Learn how to generate AI images and schedule them across social platforms using Buffer and Apple's Image Playground. Discover tips for creative AI image generation and when to use AI-generated visuals strategically.

We Checked In On Social Media Trend Predictions for 2024 — Here’s What Came True and What Didn’t

At the beginning of 2024, we were unsure what would come out of this year. The previous year had been such a whirlwind with the rise of decentralized social and the addition of AI features that creators, brands, and platforms had all started to redefine how they would operate. It was an exciting and fast-paced turning point, making it difficult to imagine what would come next. That’s why, when asking experts for their 2024 social media predictions at the start of this year, we intentionally foc

Two young women laughing as they look at a phone, while drinking iced coffee
22 Pop Culture Moments That Blew Up on Social Media in 2024

From Beyoncé going country to Reddit going public, social media had no shortage of events to talk about (and meme about, for that matter).

140,000+ people like you use Buffer to build their brand on social media every month